![]() ![]() For example, C 5H 12 has 3 isomers, while C 9H 20 has 35 isomers. The more carbons an alkane has, the more structural isomers it can have. One of these structures is a straight-chained alkane (where each carbon can only bond to 2 other carbons maximum), while the rest are branched alkanes (where each carbon can bond to 4 other carbons maximum). That is, the same molecular formula can represent many compounds with different structures. IR Spectroscopy: The C–H bond of an alkane gives a signal at around 2850 – 3000 cm -1Īlkanes with more than 4 carbons can exist as structural isomers.Solubility: Insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar organic solvents.Structure: Carbon atoms single-bonded to each other and to hydrogen atoms.We will discuss these structures more later in the article. Moreover, alkanes can attach to each other and form branched alkanes or they can get into a cyclic formation and form cycloalkanes. The general structure of an alkane The structure of ethane (C 2H 4) ![]() It is for this reason that alkanes are called saturated hydrocarbons, where the lack of double or triple bonds allows each carbon to bond to the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible. That is, the carbons of an alkane form single bonds with each other and with the hydrogen atoms. Topics Covered in Other ArticlesĪlkanes are hydrocarbons (compounds consisting entirely of carbons and hydrogens) whose bonds are all sigma (σ) bonds. In this article, you will learn about the structure of alkane, its nomenclature, and some of its reactions. However, they are also very important as they form the backbones of many other complex compounds. Alkanes are the most basic compounds in Organic Chemistry. ![]()
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